辽西褐土施肥及养分循环再利用中长期试验Ⅰ.作物产量

Long-term Trial on Fertilization and on Nutrient Recycling in Farming Systems

在辽宁西部褐土上历时10 a的田间试验结果表明：氮肥对提高作物产量效果最好，平均增产率50%，平均每千克 N增产粮食21 kg。供试褐土富磷，试验前3 a施磷肥不显增产作用，之后增产明显，10 a平均增产率10.9%，平均每千克 P增产粮食47 kg。供试褐土富钾，连续10 a施钾肥不显增产作用。 在施用化肥基础上每年以60%收获产品直接堆腐回田，可比对应的化肥处理分别增产（10 a平均）40.6%（无肥对照）、19.5%（N肥基础）、12.1%（NP肥）和8.1%（NPK肥），平均年增产粮食（混合、烘干）分别为1.54、1.08、0.79、0.52 t/hm2。养分循环再利用的作物增产效益在试验的10 a中有着逐年增长的趋势，表明以堆肥形式循环回田养分的作物增产作用有着明显的残效叠加效应。

Results from a ten years' field experiment on a calsic cinnamon soil in west Liaoning, China, indicated that nitrogen fertilizer gave best effect on crop yields. There was no response of crops to phosphorus fertilizer in first three years. But significant effect was obtained afterwards. The soil was rich in potassium and there was no response of crop yields to potassium fertilizer during the whole period of experiment. During the ten years of experiment, the effect of recycled nutrients on crop yields appeared an increasing trend, implying the existence of an accumulative effect from successive application of recycled compost on crop yields.