孔子的历史认同观念

Analysis of Confucian Historical Identity Concept

孔子以三代之礼作为历史认同的主要对象,通过亲仁追孝、倡德务民等内、外两个向度上的认知与拓展,把西周以来逐渐形成的一些新的伦理观念贯注进了传统之礼,从而将礼中宗教、伦理、政治等几种因素进一步有机整合。孔子在认同礼之教化及其对现实重要性的同时,还提出"忠恕"、"和而不同"等思想,表明了一种具有认同意识的"天下"观念,此观念不仅强调以尊礼为内涵的世界秩序,而且体现了对西周以来"天命"传统的继承与超越,这是其认同三代之礼的必然结果。

Taking the 'Etiquettes of the Three Dynasties(Xia Dynasty,Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty)' as the main object for historical identity,Confucius integrated some new moral principles gradually formed since the Western Zhou Dynasty period into the traditional etiquettes through the cognition and expanding from internal and external dimensions,I.e.,being merciful and filial,advocating morality and loving the people,thus he further integrated the several elements of etiquette such as religion,ethics,politics,etc.organically.As identifying to the moralization of etiquettes and its practical significances,Confucius also put forward the doctrines of 'loyalty and tolerance','harmony in diversity' and so on,indicating a concept of the 'the world' with consciousness of identity,which not only emphasized the world order with the connotation of 'respecting etiquettes',but also reflected the inheritance and surpassing of the tradition of 'destiny' formed since the Western Zhou Dynasty period.It is the certain result of his identity for the 'Etiquettes of the Three Dynasties'.