如何存在?——论约翰·福尔斯对存在的领悟与刻画

On the Dramatization of John Fowles' Existential Insights

本文从约翰·福尔斯的小说与哲学互文性的角度归纳、厘清、剖析、点评其浓重而独特的存在之思:上帝隐退无为;此在卡在物理、情绪、精神、认知的种种误区和两难中;个体渺小虚无。于是,他的小说常常描述上帝缺场、智者出场、极端环境中的身心反应、命与仇谋、渺小情结等。个体应对存在压力的对策则是自我放逐、反叛、责任、仁爱。但是,当上述哲学观点转换为文学叙事时,却常常偏颇过度,欠缺圆融辩证,使人迷惑,引人诟病。

This paper,from the perspective of intertextuality between John Fowles' fiction and philosophy,categorizes,clarifies,analyzes,and comments on his ubiquitous and unique existential insights: God is un-interfering;existence is stuck in physical,emotional,cognitive and spiritual misconceptions and dilemmas;protagonists are overcome with a sense of insignificance.Thus,in his fiction he dwells on the absence of God,presence of Aristos,dramatic psychosexual implications of isolating extreme situations and conquering of the sense of insignificance.He also hints that the solutions may be self-exile,defiance,responsibility and benevolence.However,Fowles often overreaches in the dramatization of his philosophy in literary narratives,and his characters too tend to overreach behaviorally.Consequently,the overreaching creates confusion among readers and further incites criticism from scholars.