多元的叙述——人文科学脉络中的西方文学

Multiple Narratives: Western Literature in the Context of Human Sciences

近代意义上的西方文学诞生自18世纪法国的沙龙中,它曾经参与了法国大革命前后在知识阶层爆发的激烈的政治论争。斯达尔夫人的《论文学》奠定了文学研究的两条路径,即社会批评和审美批评。20世纪的形式主义理论在"文学性"追求的背后有着浓厚的哲学和意识形态含义,即人类精神的自由与完善,这与斯达尔夫人的文学观以及二战之后萨特的"介入"理论并无二致。宗教和神学不断为文学叙述提供着不同的世界观和丰富而细腻的生命体验,同时,20世纪的神学和哲学解释学又为文学文本的分析提供了方法论来源,这不但使哲学与文学,而且亦使上世纪80年代兴起的"新文化史"写作与文学叙述渐次走向了融合。

Historically,western modern literature originated from French Saloon developed in the 18th century,which took a great part in the political struggles stimulated by the French Revolution among the French 'philosophes/gens de lettres'.Madame de Stal had established two approaches for our literary studies in her masterpiece 'On Literature',i.e.the social and aesthetic criticism.In the 20th Century,behind 'literariness' pursued by the formalist theory,there is a deep philosophical and ideological meaning: the liberty and perfection of 'l'esprit human'.In this sense,there is no difference between the notion of literature and Jean Paul Sartre's 'Engagement' theory.For literary narratives,religion and theology have continuously provided for us the different 'Weltanschauungen' and fertile experiences of life on one hand;and on the other hand,theology and philosophical hermeneutics could also in turn become the important sources of our methodologies in textual analyses.As a result,not only philosophy and literature,but also 'the New Cultural History' that rose in the 1980s and literary narratives become integrated with each other gradually.