摘要
自人类社会迈入科学技术飞速发展的近现代以来,技术的性质及其发展后果就一直困扰着西方的文化学者。多数人为科技进步叫好,预见人类必将拥有辉煌的未来。但也有为数不少的文化学者质疑"进步神话",认为技术的过度应用将导致社会每况愈下,最终可能毁掉人类世界,因此他们提倡回归自然的美德和永恒的价值。贝拉米和莫里斯分别以乌托邦小说《回顾》和《乌有乡的消息》加入讨论,他们对飞速发展的技术的看法,凝聚在对待"机器"的态度中:前者对以机器生产为主导的工业文明和城市文明报以欢呼;后者则对其颇有敌意,宣扬放弃机器文明,回归自然、健康、有机的乡村乐园。这折射出19世纪西方社会对待技术进步及机器文明的两种典型态度。
Science and technology have been accelerating since the dawning of the modern age,and many cultural scholars have expressed their views on the nature of technology and the consequences of its fast development.Some optimists have applauded the advance in technology and prophesied a glorious future for mankind;while some cultural scholars have challenged the 'myth of progress',maintaining that the abuse of technology can bring unforeseeable or even tragic results for the whole mankind.Bellamy and Morris joined the debate through their Utopian novels Looking Backward and News from Nowhere,in which they revealed views on the development of technology through their different attitudes towards machines: Bellamy glorified industrialized urban civilization based on machines,while Morris voiced his doubt of mechanical civilization,advocating a return to the natural,healthy and organic country life.Their viewpoints are the embodiment of two typical attitudes of western people in the 19th Century.
出处
《外国文学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期141-148,160,共8页
Foreign Literature
