简本《老子》与“阴阳两仪”思维范式形成再审视

Reexamining the Bamboo Slips Edition of Laozi and the Formation of the“Yin-Yang”Paradigm

因《老子》中有"万物负阴而抱阳"之句,学术史研究遂多将该书作为"阴阳"由背阴朝阳及阴阳二气上升为二元两仪范畴的始点,《易传》以阴阳解《周易》也自然被认定为是受到《老子》道家哲学的启发和影响。然《老子》中这唯一出现"阴阳"二字的部分却不见于成书于战国中期之前的郭店楚简本《老子》,而该简本已被不少学者认定为《老子》原始本,今本《老子》乃是战国中期之后的增补本。重新审视先秦"阴阳"范畴及其与《易传》《老子》的关系,可知"阴阳两仪"思维范式的形成不在春秋末而在战国中期前后,《易传》和今本《老子》是其标志,而它们都与《周易》的传播和影响有关。

In the bamboo slips edition of Laozi,there is a sentence that'things shade in yinand face the yang'.For this reason,academic history researchers regard the book Laozi as the beginning of the yinand yangtheory and of the yinand yangbinary category.The book Yi Zhuaninterpreted Zhou Yi from the perspective of yinand yang.Consequently it is assumed that the author of Yi Zhuan was inspired and influenced by the Taoist philosophy in Laozi.However,the two characters yin and yangthat appear in Laozi was not found in the Guodian bamboo slips edition that was put together from the silk slips written before the middle Warring States period.This edition is regarded as being the original edition of Laozi by a number of scholars.A careful reexamination of the'yin'and'yang'category during the pre-Qin period as well as its relationship with Yi Zhuan and Laozi shows that the formation of the'yin-yang'paradigm was not in the late Spring and Autumn period,but around the middle Warring States period.As symbols of the'yin-yang'paradigm,Yi Zhuan and the extant edition of Laozi were both related to the wide dissemination and influence of Zhou Yi.