玉米秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量与米质的影响

Effects of Returning Maize Straw to Field and Site-specific Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality in Rice

以中熟粳稻扬粳4038为材料,在大田试验条件下研究了玉米秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。三年(2009—2011)试验结果表明:1)玉米秸秆还田能提高稻田土壤全氮和有机质含量;2)在不施氮条件下,玉米秸秆还田处理较对照产量提高了18.9%～32.0%;3)在实地氮肥管理模式下,玉米秸秆还田处理较对照施氮量下降了7.4%～16.7%,但产量提高了0.5%～11.0%,氮肥偏生产力提高了18.0%～31.7%;4)在不施氮或实地氮肥管理条件下,玉米秸秆还田均较对照显著提高了整精米率、最高黏度和崩解值,降低了垩白粒率、垩白度、最终黏度和消减值;玉米秸秆还田对水稻的出糙率、精米率、直链淀粉含量和胶稠度无显著影响。在不施氮条件下,与对照相比,玉米秸秆还田提高了籽粒中蛋白质含量。上述结果表明,玉米秸秆还田有利于培肥土壤,采用实地氮肥管理将有助于进一步降低水稻施氮量,提高产量和改善米质。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of returning maize straw to field（RMSF） on grain yield and quality in rice with japonica Yangjing 4038 as material.The main results during three years（2009-2011） were as follows： 1） RMSF could increase total N content and organic matter content in paddy soil;2） Under the condition of no nitrogen（N） applied,RMSF significantly increased grain yield by 18.9%-32.0%,when compared with CK（without maize straw returning）;3） Under the condition of site-specific nitrogen management（SSNM）,RMSF decreased N rate by 7.4%-16.7%,and increased grain yield by 0.5%-11.0%,enhanced partial factor productivity of N fertilizer by 18.0%-31.7%,when compared with CK;4） Under the conditions of no N application or SSNM,RMSF significantly improved head rice rate,peak viscosity and breakdown value,reduced chalky grain rate,chalkiness,final viscosity and setback value without significant differences in brown rice rate,milled rice rate,amylose content and gel consistence when compared with CK.RMSF also increased protein content.The above results showed that RMSF was beneficial to soil fertilizing,and SSNM would help further reduce the amount of N rate and increase grain yield and quality of rice as well.