不同提示线索对于Stroop干扰效应的影响

The Impact of Different Attentional Cues on the Stroop Interfere Effect

通过操作提示线索颜色、有效性以及线索与目标间SOA,检验注意选择及颜色和语义间转译在经典Stroop效应中的作用。实验发现,仅线索提示的有效性及其颜色是否与目标色词匹配对Stroop任务有显著影响。其中有效提示下出现Stroop效应,但无效提示下效应消失,表明注意选择影响Stroop效应;而线索提示与色词颜色是否一致同样影响Stroop干扰效应,二者不一致时出现Stroop效应,一致时效应消失,显示该效应的产生同时依赖于转译加工。但上述加工特征并无交互效应,说明转译和注意选择两种加工机制相对独立,共同影响Stroop效应的产生。

Recent studies have argued that the attentional factors or processes, such as stimulus onset asynchrony （ SOA）, inhibition of return （IOR）, and the spatial structure of stimuli, may affect the Stroop interfere effect. Their results indicated that the attentional processes should play important roles in the occurrence of the Stroop interfere effect. However, recent research also doubted about the translation account （ Virzi, 1985） in explaining the mechanism of the Stroop interfere effect. For example, a series of studies conducted by Besner and his colleagues found that the reserved Stroop effect （RSE） occurred without the translation between the semantic and col- or processes. The intention of the present study was to exam the roles of translation and attentional factors in the processing of the classic Stroop effect. In this study, we investigated the above-mentioned factors and did a further explored the hypothesis of whether they had an inter- action and, if so, whether their interaction impacted the Stroop interfere effect. Thus, this study was designed according to the cue-tar- get paradigm and we further explored the mechanism of the classic Stmop interfere effect, which is affected by the exogenous attentional cues. In this study, SOA, the cue~ color and its spatial structure were operated to elicit different attentional processes. Forty-two college students participated in the experiment and completed the color naming task. And the repeated-measure analysis of variance revealed a relationship between the Stroop interfere effect and the attentional factors mentioned above. The results reveal that： （ 1 ） the IOR effect is not found in this experiment, and there is no interaction between SOA, the validity of the cue and the color of the cue. （2） The cue~ validity affects the Stroop interfere effect. If the cue is valid, the reaction time （RT） of the color naming task will become shorter and the Stmop interfere effect will appear. If the cue is invalid, the RT will become longer and the Stroop interfere effect will disappear. （ 3 ） The color of the cue impacts the Stroop interfere effect. If the color of the cue is con- sistent with ~e color of the color word, the Stroop interfere effect will disappear; but if the color of the cue is consistent with the color of the color word, the Stroop interfere effect will appear. The final results indicate that the Stroop interfere effect, which emerges in this study, is still impacted by the translation and the at- tentional processes. However, those two factors have no interaction. Therefore, they might be independent from each other.