震后18个月都江堰地区青少年负性生活事件、父母教养方式与焦虑性情绪的关系

The Relationship between Negative Life Events,Parental Bonding,and Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders among Adolescents 18 Months after Exposed to the Wenchuan Earthquake

以1021名高中生为被试,于震后18个月用儿童焦虑性情绪筛查量表、父母教养方式问卷、青少年自评生活事件量表等进行评估,探索震后继发的负性生活事件、父母教养方式对青少年焦虑问题的影响。结果发现:震后18个月都江堰地区青少年焦虑问题仍较为严重;父亲、母亲过度保护和较少的父亲关怀能显著正向预测青少年的焦虑问题;较多的负性生活事件能显著增加青少年的焦虑问题,但母亲过度保护和父亲自主性能显著调节负性生活事件对青少年焦虑问题的预测作用,即在高负性生活事件时,母亲过度保护和较低父亲自主性能缓冲负性生活事件对青少年焦虑问题的预测。

Disasters and other traumatic events have long ~ term effects on human＇s mental health. Numerous studies have reported that anxiety and related emotional disorders are very common among youth after they are exposed to earthquakes. And studies also indicate that recent stressful life events and poor parental bonding relationship increase the risk of anxiety disorders in the general population. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of anxiety and related emotional disorders and to explore the relationship among negative life events, parental bonding and anxiety and related emotional disorders in adolescents 18 months after being exposed to the Wenchuan earthquake. This study is a part of a longitudinal study of the adoleseents＇ mental health problem after Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. A total of 1021 senior students were sampled in Dujiangyan, which was seriously damaged by the earthquake, participants were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire, which includes the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders （SCARED）, Parental Bonding Instrument （PBI）, the Adolescent Self- rating Life Event Checklist （ASLEC） ~ the general demographics and the earthquake exposure. The mean age of the participants was 16.54 years old （SD -- .-54） at 18 months post the earthquake. Of these students, 57% were female, 82% were the only child in the family, and 61% were urban children. With regards to the earthquake exposures, 14% participants reported dead or missing family members in the earthquake, 69% reported that their houses were severely damaged, and 56% had directly witnessed the tragic events. After 18 months of the earthquake, the prevalence of anxiety and related emotional disorders in adolescents was 41.4%. The result of student＇s t tests showed that females （t = - 5.96, p 〈 , 001 ）, participants from rural areas （t = 3.28, p 〈 . 01 ）, and partici- pants whose family member died in the earthquake （ t = 2.25, p 〈 . 05） reported more anxiety symptoms. With regards to parents bonding, males perceived more father＇s autonomy ,（ t = 1.99, p 〈 . 05 ）, only - child perceived more father＇s care （t = 2. 66, p 〈. 01 ）, urban children perceived more mother＇s overprotection （t = - 3, 29, p 〈 . 01 ）. Multiple regression analyses showed that negative life events （ β = . 529, p 〈 . 00!）, father＇s care （β = -. 104, p 〈. 001 ） , mother＇s and father＇s overprotection （β = . 16, p 〈 . 001 ;β=. 148, p 〈 . 001 ） were significant predictors of adolescents＇ anxiety and related emotional disorders. Our results also in- dicated that the moderating role of mother＇s over protection （β = -. 08, p 〈. 001 ） and father＇s autonomy （β = . 125, p 〈. 001 ） be- tween negative life events and anxiety .and related emotional disorders was significant. Anxiety disorders are very common among the survived adolescents at 18 months following the earthquake. Recent stressful life e- vents and poor parental bonding increase the risk for anxiety. Meanwhile, parental bonding can moderate the relationship between stressful life event and anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of parents bonding for adolescents＇ mental health problems.