集体行动参与双路径模型再分析——来自现实与网络行动情境的检验

Reanalysis of the Dual-Pathway Model of Collective Action:Evidences from Offline and Online Circumstances

为探明Simon等人(1998)提出的集体行动参与双路径模型在中国文化背景下的适用性,以及现实和网络情境下行动参与心理机制的异同,本研究以"中日撞船事件"为考察蓝本向天津市431名大学生被试进行调查研究,结果发现:国家认同和工具理性动机对集体行动倾向的影响独立且显著,但两路径在内部动机上有汇聚;现实和网络两种行动情境下的整合模型对行动倾向的解释率为37%和44%。结论:中国式集体行动表现为内部驱力作用下的集体主义理性特征。

Collective action has been a renewed important issue in social psychology. Many studies have found the basic roles of social identity and instrumental motives, which included collective motive, social motive and reward motive, participating collective action （Tajfel ＆ Turner, 1992; Klandermans, 1984, 1997）. Simon and his colleagues （1998） proposed the dual- pathway model of collec- tive action, which tried to integrate those factors in the same model. A few scholars have pointed out that the two paths have somewhat correlativity, but no study has investigated the common mechanisms underlying the two paths. Moreover, former studies mainly focused on the collective actions occurring in the circumstances of western cultures, neglecting the horizontal one. Also, the target events of the past research were mostly self interests related to actual one. So the present study aimed to explore the relationship between the dual - pathway model of the collective action and the internal - external motives, which may be the underlying homogenous sources for the dual pathways, and the differences of the offline and online collective actions in the context of the Chinese societal situation. In order to reach the aim, a questionnaire survey in the background of Diaoyu Island Event was carried out. Before the formal sur- vey, a primary survey including 150 students from the target population was conducted. And the results were used to modify the specific questions. In the formal survey, 431 undergraduates from different grades and majors participated in the research in the unit of class （ 151 boys and 256 girls）. A neutral background material of about 1000 words was edited on the news from Sep 7th to Oct 20th of 2012. The questionnaire included identity to a nation, three types of the instrumental motives, and the internal - external motives, most of which were based on the past research and were modified based on the specific situation. The last part of the survey was demographic questions. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 and the structural equation modeling. The results showed that firstly, the internal motive, the national identity and the collective motive as the main antecedent variables had direct and significant effects on both the offline and online collective action tendencies in the context of Chinese culture. And the two structural equation models accounted for 37 percent and 44 percent of the total variance. Secondly, the pathways of the national i- dentity and the pathway of the instrumental motives significantly influenced the action tendency simultaneously and relatively independ- ently, which partially verified the past research and the theoretical hypotheses. And the dual pathways converged to the internal motive that explicitly revealed the essential properties of Chinese style collective action. Finally, the different roles and the effects of the exter- nal motives and the social motive reflected the differences of the offline and online collective actions circumstances, which extended the past theoretical models and research concerning collective action. Those results indicated the Chinese collective actions with feature of collectivism with the intrinsic motives.