英汉形容词拷贝式的语料库与类型学研究

A Corpus-based and Typological Approach to English and Chinese Adjective Copy-Constructions

本文基于权威语料聚焦考察英汉形容词拷贝式的可能性、句法功能和语言类型学特征。研究发现,两者是共性与个性并存。共性体现在:拷贝式都受制于音节、语义和形态;均可作前置定语、后置定语(偶尔)、表语,都不受程度词修饰,都不用于祈使句、评价句和进行体,都具有肯定极性倾向;都属"有形容词拷贝式语言";个性体现在:汉语多音节形容词一般无拷贝式,少数英语多音节形容词有拷贝式;英语形容词拷贝式偶尔有比较级或最高级;英语形容词拷贝式不直接作谓语,汉语可以;英语形容词拷贝式可作宾补,汉语英语形容词拷贝式可作"得"字补语;英语形容词拷贝式不用于结果构式,汉语方言偶尔可以;英语形容词拷贝式偶尔可作状语,汉语形容词拷贝式常作状语;英语是"单一形容词拷贝式语言",汉语是"复杂形容词拷贝式语言"。

The paper, based on rich data, has made a corpus-based and typological investigation into the possibilities, syntactic functions and typological features of English and Chinese adjective copy-constructions. It comes to the findings that English and Chinese adjective copy-constructions demonstrate the following similarities and differences. They are all constrained in syllables, semantics and morphology, and mostly function as nominal pre-modifiers and predicatives, and occasionally as nominal postmodifiers. Neither of them can take degree adverbials and be used in imperative and commentary sentences and continuous tense. They always tend to have positive polarity. Muhisyllabic Chinese adjectives have no copy-constructions while a few of their English counterparts may have copy-constructions. English copy-constructions occasionally have comparative and superlative degrees. Chinese copy-constructions are different from their English counterparts in directly functioning as predicate, object complements, resultataive complements or adverbials. Chinese copy-constructions are typologically different from their English counterparts, with the former being a simple adjective copy language and the latter a complex one.