我国卫生资源配置状况及公平性研究

Studying on the status and equity of health services resources allocation in China

目的:对我国31个省(直辖市、自治区)卫生资源配置的地理分布公平性进行评价,为卫生行政部门优化卫生资源配置提供科学的决策依据。方法:运用统计描述、洛伦兹曲线(Lorenz curve)和基尼系数(Gini coefficient)等方法,分析我国各省份地理面积分布的卫生机构数、床位数、卫生技术人员数等指标。结果:我国各省份卫生机构、床位、卫生技术人员等卫生资源在地理分布上的洛伦兹曲线距离公平线均有较大的偏差,基尼系数分别是0.76,0.85,0.86。结论:我国卫生资源按地理面积配置处于高度不公平状态,在制订区域卫生规划时,应着重考虑卫生资源配置的地理公平性,同时需注重优化卫生资源结构。

Objective To evaluate the equity of geographical distribution of health resources allocation in 31 provinces in Chi- na, and provide references for health administrator to make policies of optimizing health resources allocation. Methods The indexes of health services institution, number of sickbeds and health professionals of geographical distribution of health resources alloca- tion were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. Results There had great deviation between the eq- uity curve and Lorenz curves of health services institution, number of sickbeds and health professionals of geographical distribu- tion,which were 0.76,0.85 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusion The health resources allocation in China was in great inequity of geographical distribution. The equity of geographical distribution of health resources allocation should be emphasized in regional health services planning. And the structure of health resources needs to be optimized.