原油黏附性细菌的运动及其调控研究

The Study on Migration of Adhesive Bacteria to Crude Oil

采用来自大庆油田对原油具有黏附性的菌株,通过显微观察法记录菌株对原油的趋化性运动,通过微生物黏着碳烃化合物(MATH)法进行了菌株对烃类物质的的疏水性试验。结果表明:原油黏附性菌株对原油的黏附作用可在10min以内产生;该菌株具有趋化性,可促使菌体"趋化带"现象产生。在菌体对数生长时期,测得菌株PR-1、1507、12-J对四种烷烃(二甲苯、十六烷、十二烷、环己烷)的平均疏水值分别为83%、56%、21%。添加适量的有机物A(生物表面活性剂)和B(化学表面活性剂)后,在提高菌株1507趋油性运动速率的同时,还提高了非原油黏附性菌株12-J对十六烷的疏水性。添加0.01 mol/L的有机物A或B后,疏水值由18%分别最大提高到70%和85%,对非原油黏附性菌株的趋油性起到明显的促进作用。进一步的显微观察实验表明,添加适量的有机物A和B能显著促进菌体向原油表面聚集,促进了"趋化带"的产生,从而达到对采油微生物激活调控的目的。

In this paper, the adhesive bacteria isolated from the production water in Daqing oilfield was used to investigate the movement of bacteria and the hydrocarbon adhesion by the method of microscopic observation and microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons （MATH） method. The results showed that the oil adhesive effection of adhesive bacteria could be formed within 10 min, at the same time, the chemotaxis phenomena could be observed notably. On logarithm growth phase of bacteria, the average surface hydrophobicity value of the strains PR-I, 1507, 12-J to xylene, hexadecane, dodecane and cyclohexane, were 83%, 56% and 2l%,respectively. A certain concentration of organism A （biological surfactant） or B （chemical surfactant） played an significant role on the microbial chemotaxis and adhesive effection. After adding 0.01 mol/L of A or B, The surface hydrophobicity value of strain 12-J was increased from 18% to 70% and 85%, respectively, which obviously stimulated the chemotaxis movement of the adhesive bacteria. The further microscopic observation showed that the addition of a certain amount of organism A and B could improve significantly the chemotaxis movement of the adhesive baterica to the crude oil.