本有现象学:后期海德格尔对存在问题的探索

Ereignis Phenomenology: The Exploration of Being by Later Heidegger

如何把握存在一直是哲学史上难以解决的问题。现象学沟通了现象与本体,从而为解决这个难题提供了可能。但胡塞尔现象学的主题是意识,现象成为纯粹意识的构造,因此未能真正解决存在的意义问题。海德格尔将现象学建立在生存论的基础上,使其成为获得存在意义的方法论。但海德格尔的此在现象学因其主体性和时间性而不能领会存在的意义。后期海德格尔对此在现象学进行了改造,建立了本有现象学,揭示了存在的主体间性和超越性。他将胡塞尔现象学的"意向性"、"范畴直观"、"先天"概念以及自己前期现象学的对应概念"在世的操心"、"此在的领会"、"死亡",转换成对应的概念"栖居"、"道说"与"本有",让存在显现自身。但后期海德格尔现象学由于杂糅了审美主义、信仰主义和自然主义,而没有彻底解决存在的意义问题。

How to grasp Being is a difficult issue to solve in the history of philosophy. Phenomenology linking up the phenomenon and noumenon provides the possibility of solving this problem. However, the main theme of Husserl＇s phenomenology is consciousness and his phenomenon has become the construction of pure consciousness, therefore, it is unable to solve the meaning of Being completely. Early Heidegger lays the foundation of phenomenology on the theory of existence and makes it become the methodology of acquiring the meaning of Being. However, Heidegger＇ s phenomenology of Dasein cannot understand the meaning of Being due to its subjectivity and temporality. Later Heidegger transforms the phenomenology of Dasein and establishes the phenomenology of Ereignis, proclaiming the inter-subjectivity and transcendence of Being. Heidegger changed the concepts of care, understanding and death in his early phenomenology, respectively originated from Husserl＇ s intentionality, categorical intuition and a priori, into dwelling, saying and Ereignis, to make Being manifest itself. However, later Heidegger＇ s phenomenology is unable to solve the issue of the meaning of Being completely due to its mixture of aesthetics, belief and naturalism.