某铟冶炼厂作业工人生命质量评价

Assessment of life quality of workers in an indium smeltery

目的了解某大型铟冶炼厂作业工人的生命质量,为预防和控制铟冶炼接触人群健康危害提供依据。方法对某铟冶炼厂作业场所空气中职业病危害因素进行调查、检测,按国家职业卫生标准进行评价;采用健康调查量表(SF-36)对208名铟冶炼厂作业工人(观察组)和243名铟冶炼厂辅助工种工人(对照组)进行问卷调查并分析。结果铟冶炼过程中存在粉尘、铅、砷、镉、铟、砷化氢、各种酸碱、噪声、高温等职业病危害因素,其中砷化氢浓度超过国家职业卫生标准。两组调查人群躯体功能和社会角色功能分值接近;观察组躯体疼痛、总体健康、生命活力分值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在心理健康方面,两组心理功能对角色的影响比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组的心理健康分值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女之间躯体功能对角色的影响、躯体疼痛、总体健康、社会角色功能等比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性分值均低于男性。结论某铟冶炼厂主要作业场所存在粉尘、化学、物理等职业病危害因素;与对照组比较,铟冶炼厂职业接触人群的生命质量较低,多处于亚健康状态。铟冶炼厂作业工人职业接触引起的职业危害必须引起重视。

Objective To investigate workers＇ life quality in an indium smeltery and to provide scientific criteria for preventing and controlling occupational hazards of exposed population. Methods Occupational health survey in an indium smeltery was conducted and occupational hazards were detected in workplaces. Results were evaluated according to national occupational health standards. Moreover, life quality of 208 indium smelters（observation group） and 243 indium smelting auxiliary workers（control group） was assessed with SF--36 scale. Results Occupational hazards in the indium smelting process included dust, lead, arsenic, cadmium, indium, arsine, acids and alkalis, noise, high temperature, etc. Among them concentration of arsine exceeded the national standard. When both groups were compared, no significant difference was found in physical functioning （PF） and social functioning （SF）. But the scores of the observation group for body pain （BP）, general health （GH）, and vitality （VT） were lower than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. In psychological health, no significant difference was found in the role limitations due to emotional problems （RE） between two groups but the scores of mental health （MH） in the observation group were lower than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. Women＇s scores on RP, BP, GH, and SF were lower than those of men （P〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions There are varieties of dusts, chemical and physical hazards in the indium smeltery. In comparison with the control group, the life quality of indium smelters is rather low many of them are in sub--healthy state. More attention should be paid in preventing the existing occupational hazards in the indium smeltery.