血型血清学与电子交叉配血试验的比较研究

Comparison study between the serologic and electronic blood cross matches

目的初步探讨电子交叉配血在临床输血中的应用价值。方法采用微孔板法检测4 126名献血者的ABO和Rh系统血型;用微柱凝胶法筛查意外抗体及鉴定抗体特异性;在此基础上建立献血者数据库。采用微柱凝胶法对10 685名住院患者作常规ABO和Rh(D)血型以及意外抗体筛查和鉴定,配血以血型血清学和电子交叉配血2种方式进行;对9 996名住院患者以ABO和Rh(D)血型相容作血清学交叉配血,并对其中2 920人作电子交叉配血;同时对689名住院患者作ABO和Rh系统血型鉴定和意外抗体筛查,对意外抗体筛选结果为阴性的患者作电子和血清学交叉配血。结果初步建立了可应用于电子交叉配血的献血者数据库,对2 920名经ABO和Rh(D)血型检测及无意外抗体的住院患者和657名经ABO和Rh血型检测及无意外抗体的住院患者,与4 113名献血者分别作了6 109次和1 227次电子交叉配血与血清学交叉配血试验,2种方法结果完全一致;电子交叉配血与血清学交叉试验配血时间分别为15和45 min。结论电子交叉配血的建立和临床应用是可行的,除了同样准确外,其最大的优势是比血清学交叉配血试验时间明显缩短。

Objective To explore the application of electronic blood cross matching test. Methods The blood ABO group and Rh group system and unexpected antibodies among 4 126 donors from April to August,2012,were detected and i- dentified by microplate and microcolumn gel methods. The ABO and Rh（D） blood groups and unexpected antibodies among 10685 patients were also determined by microcolumn technique. The blood cross matches were done among these donors and transfusion recipients by serologic and electronic blood cross matches. Among the 9 996 patients,the serologic tests for ABO and Rh（D） blood types were done and then the 19 031 serologic blood cross matches were also prepared, and the 10 704 bags of red blood cells were actually used. The 2 920 patients out of these transfusion recipients were also done 6 109 tests by electronic blood cross match, and finally used 3 436 bags of red blood cells. At the same time, other 689 patients were deter- mined ABO and Rh group system and unexpected antibodies. The 657 patients without unexpected antibodies were done 1 227 tests by serologic and electronic cress matches in parallel and actually used 690 bags of red blood cells. The times for elec- tronic and sero!.3ic cross matches were separately about 45 and 15 mins. Results The 2 920 patients with identified ABO and Rh（D） groups and without unexpected antibodies,and 657 patients with identified ABO and Rh group system and with- out unexpected antibodies,were separately crsoomatched with 4 113 donors by 6 109 and 1 227 tests by simultaneously elec- tronic and serologic blood cross matches. The compatibility results among the donors and recipients were fully same. The time for electronic blood cross match is much shorter than routinely serologic blood cross match. Conclusion The electronic blood cross match is a good way for clinical blood transfusion.