论实验室研究的理论渊源

Discussion on the theoretical origin of laboratory studies

20世纪70年代兴起于西方的实验室研究,其目标在于揭示科学知识的实际生产过程,还原科学知识的社会建构本性,传递对正统科学观的质疑与批判,而这一目标的实现与它的理论渊源密切相关。具体而言,实验室研究的理论渊源主要有三个方面:第一是从辩护到批判:话语转换中的科学哲学;第二是从宏观到微观:视域转向中的科学知识社会学;第三是从异域到本土:场点转移中的人类学。此外,常人方法论、科学实践哲学也为实验室研究的出现提供了可能的话语空间。

Laboratory studies arisen from the western countries in nineteen seventies, its goal is to reveal the actual production process of the scientific knowledge , reducing the essence of social construction about scientific knowledge , transfer the skepticism and criti- cism to the orthodox scientific concept, but the implementation of these targets are closely related to its theoretical origin. Specifically, the theoretical origin of laboratory studies mainly has three aspects： the first is the change of discourse from defense to criticism in the philosophy of science ; second is the turn form macro to micro view in sociology of scientific knowledge; the third is the site metastasis form foreign to local in anthropology. In addition, ethnomethodology and philosophy of scientific practice also provide a possible dis- course space for laboratory studies.