高性能锂-空气电池材料的研究

New Development of Key Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Air Batteries

以锂为负极,空气为正极的锂-空气二次电池,由于其较高的理论能量密度(5 210 Wh.kg-1)而成为最具发展潜力的新型高能化学电源体系。通过近几年的研究和开发,人们对这一体系的了解不断深入。虽然对其电化学过程中的复杂反应机理尚没有完整系统的理论描述,但是在氧还原催化剂、空气电极材料及电解质材料等方面已开展了一些研究工作。本文综述了锂-空气电池的最新研究进展,对电池的正极材料、电解质和负极材料三个方面的研究进行了介绍,分析了该体系的缺陷及存在的问题,并展望了锂-空气电池的发展方向和前景。

Electrochemical power sources based on 〈 anode ^metal ｜ electrolyte ｜ cathode^ oxyso 〉 configuration have the highest energy density because the cathode active material（oxygen） is not stored in the battery, hut can be accessed from the environment. Reehargeahle lithium-air battery has been receiving more attention due to its high theoretical energy density of 5 210 Wh·kg^-1, and it is considered as the next generation portable energy supply device for electronic vehicle （EV） and hybrid vehicle（HEV）. This system has been understood by people in recent years. Although there are many unknown mechanisms in the electrochemical process of charge/discharge of the lithium-air battery, some achievements have been made on the development of oxygen reduction catalyst, air electrode materials and electrolyte materials. This paper reviews the achievements on lithium-air battery in the past few years from the respects of lithium-air battery system, cathode materials, electrolytes and lithium anode. The weaknesses are revealed and the future is prospected.