聚集诱导发光体系:化合物种类、发光机制及其应用

The Systems with Aggregation Induced Emission: Compounds,Emission Mechanisms and Their Applications

聚集诱导发光(AIE)体系是近年来备受关注的一个研究领域,目前该领域已经积累了较为丰富的AIE化合物的分子设计理念和相应的对AIE机制的理解。AIE体系的研究为固态强发光材料特别是备受聚集发光猝灭难题困扰的有机电致发光材料提供了全新的分子设计思路。本文纵观该领域的研究进展,对AIE化合物种类、发光机制及其相关应用做出了较为详尽的综述报道。具有AIE性质的化合物主要包括多芳基取代的杂环化合物、多芳基乙烯类化合物、分子内电荷转移化合物、含有氢键的化合物、聚合物等。这些化合物的AIE发光机制也各有不同,包括分子内旋转受限、非辐射失活衰减受限、分子构象扭曲以避免形成激基缔合物以及利用特殊的分子堆积方式如J-聚集、交叉分子堆积、由分子间的C—H…π作用或特殊的氢键作用形成相应的发光聚集体等。基于其特殊的AIE性能,AIE化合物可广泛应用于化学传感、生物传感、生物标记、电致发光以及逻辑门器件等领域。

Organic systems with aggregation induced emission （AIE） have received increasing interest in recent years, resulting in the accumulation of a wealth of information on molecular design of AIE luminogens and mechanistic understanding of the AIE processes. The studies on the AIE systems have opened a new route to develop solid-state highly-emissive organic materials, especially for the high performance organic electroluminescent （EL） materials, which usually suffer from the severe aggregation-caused quenching （ACQ） effect. This review summarizes the recent advances in this research field, including the typical AIE systems, the AIE mechanisms and their various applications. The organic AIE systems mainly include aryl-substituted heterocyclic compounds, aryl- substituted vinyl compounds, intramolecular charge transfer compounds, hydrogen-bonding compounds, polymers and so on. Investigations of their structure-property relationships reveal that these compounds may possess different AIE mechanisms. The AIE phenomenon can be caused by restriction of intramolecular rotation, prohibition of non- radiative deactivation, distortion of molecular configuration to prevent from the excimer formation, or some specific molecular packing modes such as the J-aggregation, the cross dipole stacking and some unique molecular aggregates induced by intermolecular C-H…π interaction or some unusual hydrogen bonding. Finally, the various applications of these AIE compounds in chemical/biological sensing, bioimaging, organic electroluminescent and logic gate devices are described.