季铵盐型有机硅双子表面活性剂的合成与界面性能

Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Organic Silicon Gemini Surfactant and Its Interfacial Properties

以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)和1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(HMM)为原料,合成双氢封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(HPDMS);以烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(APEG)和环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成烯丙基聚氧乙烯氯醇醚(APECAE),然后将其与十八烷基二甲基叔胺进行阳离子化,制得季铵盐型烯丙基聚氧乙烯氯醇醚(QASAAE);在铂催化剂作用下,HPDMS与QASAAE进行硅氢化加成反应制得季铵盐型有机硅双子表面活性剂(Gemini-QASPSS)。用IR和1HNMR对目标产物(Gemini-QASPSS)的结构进行了表征,并且通过测定其水溶液的平衡表面张力研究了其表面活性。结果表明,在临界胶束浓度为5.3×10-5mol/L时,可以将水的表面张力降至24.5 mN/m;饱和吸附量、饱和吸附层中每个Gemini-QASPSS分子所占的平均面积和形成胶束的标准自由能分别为1.6×10-6mol/m2、1.08 nm2和-28.6 kJ/mol。

Dihydrogen end-capped polydimethylsiloxane （HPDMS） was synthesized with octamethyleyelotetra-siloxane （ D4 ） and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane （ HMM ） as raw materials. Allyl polyoxyethylene ehlorhydrin ether（APECAE） was synthesized with allyl polyoxyethylene ether（APEG） and epichlorohydrin as raw materials. Quaternary ammonium salt allyl polyoxyethylene chlorhydrin ether （QASAAE） was prepared by the eationization of oetadecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and APECAE. Quaternary ammonium salt organic silicon of Gemini surfaetant（Gemini-QASPSS） was prepared by the hydrosilylation of HPDMS and QASAAE. The chemical structure of Gemini-QASPSS was characterized by means of IR and 1HNMR. The interracial properties of Gemini-QASPSS were studied by the measurement of equilibrium surface tension in its aqueous solution. The results show that, in the critical micelle concentration of 5.3 × 10^-5 mol/L, the surface tension of Gemini-QASPSS aqueous solution was reduced to approximately 24. 5 mN/m. The saturated adsorption, single Gemini-QASPSS molecular average areas on the saturated absorption layer and the mieellization standard free energy are 1.6 × 10^-6 mol/m^2 ,1.08 nm^2 and - 28.6 kJ/mol, respectively.