杏李新品种‘风味玫瑰’生殖特性的初步研究

Characteristics of Reproductive Biology of Prunus domestica×armeniaca‘Fengweimeigui’

为了探究‘风味玫瑰’自然结果率偏低的原因,运用花部形态、花粉活力及柱头可授性测定、花粉-胚珠比(P/O)以及人工授粉试验相结合的方法,对‘风味玫瑰’生殖特性进行了初步研究。研究表明:(1)‘风味玫瑰’的花有两种类型,一种花柱高于雄蕊,另一种花柱萎缩,很短;(2)花粉活力持续3 d,柱头可授性持续5 d,主要访花昆虫为蜂类;(3)平均单花花粉量/单花胚珠数(P/O)值为(605.7±25.1);(4)人工异花授粉坐果率最高可达30.19%,自花授粉坐果率为7.8%,明显比异花授粉坐果率低,表明‘风味玫瑰’交配系统类型是兼性异交、需要传粉者。研究结果认为,传粉效率低是其自然结果率低的重要原因。

Abstract In order to investigate the mechanism of low fruit set of Prunus domesticaxarmeniaca ＇Fengweimeigui＇, the characteristics of reproductive biology was analyzed via floral organogenesis of fixed plants, pollen viability and stigma receptivity, pollen-ovule ratio and artificial pollination test. The result showed： （1）the flower of Prunus domestica^armeniaca ＇Fengweimeigui＇ had two types,the length of stigmas was longer than the filaments of stamens, and the stigmas atrophied was very short. （2）Pollen vitality lasted for three days, and stigma receptivity lasted for five days. The most common floral visitors were bees; （3）Pollen-ovule ratio was 605.7±50.3. （4）The fruit set rate of manual cross pollination was as high as 30.19%, and was obviously higher than that of self- pollination only 7.8%, which was obviously lower than the manual cross pollination. As a result, the mating system was out-crossing with partial self-compatibility which needs pollinators. The results indicated that low efficiency of pollination was important factors leading to natural low fruit set.