低温液体火箭塔台爆炸事故危害性分析

Hazard Analysis on Explosion of Cryogenic Liquid Rocket on Launch Pad

研究低温液体火箭塔台爆炸事故危害性预测问题。国内外对火箭起飞前爆炸事故影响范围的预测通常依赖TNT爆炸经验公式,具有一定的误差性。为解决上述问题,提出了利用事故后果建立爆炸事故模型,并仿真冲击波危害性的特点。首先建立TNT当量模型,并对不同混合比的液氧/煤油推进剂混合反应的爆炸后果进行仿真,得出对应的最大危害半径,再结合TNT爆炸超压计算公式验证仿真结果的可靠性,从最不利的仿真结果中选取出一组最保守的危害距离值,并结合相关规定划分出安全区域。由仿真结果可知,不同混合比的LOX/煤油爆炸造成的后果不同,在LOX质量固定的条件下,参与反应的煤油质量越大,即混合比越小,形成的危害范围就越广。改进方法在一定程度上完善了预测爆炸事故的可行性,同时弥补了TNT爆炸经验公式对远场超压的评估。

Research the hazard consequences of cryogenic liquid rocket tower caused by the explosion. At home and abroad, the forecast of the explosion affecting range before the rocket took off typically relies on TNT explosion of empirical formula which has a certain error. To the situation, we suggested making use of the consequence to estab- lish the model of the accident and simulate the characteristic of dangers of shock wave. First, we established the TNT equivalent model, and then attempted to simulate the consequences of the explosion caused by the mixed reaction of mixing ratio of liquid oxygen/kerosene propellant simulation to obtain the corresponding hazard radius. Next, com- bined with the TNT explosion overpressure formula, the reliability of simulation resuhs was verified, and the most conserved distance value was selected from the unfavorable simulation results, then in accordance with the principles to eventually get the needed set of maximum hazard distance value. Finally, combined with the relevant provisions, the security zone was divided. By the simulation results, the explosion consequences of different mixing ratios of LOX/kerosene are discrepant. Under the condition of LOX quality fixed, the more the kerosene quality involved in the reaction, or the smaller the mixing ratio is, , the more extensive the range of hazards is. To some extent, the whole way improves the effectiveness of predicting the consequences of the explosion, at the same time, makes up for the underestimated far-field overpressure by TNT explosion empirical formula .