沈阳市铁西区老工业搬迁区土壤多环芳烃的健康风险评价

Health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of the Tiexi relocated old industrial area, Shenyang, China

采用美国能源部风险评估信息系统的暴露量化方法和美国环保局健康风险评估手册的风险表征方法,评估了沈阳市铁西区老工业搬迁区土壤中15种多环芳烃对户外劳作者的健康风险。沈阳市铁西区老工业搬迁区土壤中多环芳烃含量为290.9～8492.37μg·kg-1,搬迁区户外劳作者由于土壤中多环芳烃引起的非致癌危害指数范围为6.39×10-6～3.04×10-4,致癌风险范围为2.08×10-7～7.52×10-6,可判定对人体健康的危害较小。沈阳市铁西区老工业搬迁区致癌多环芳烃含量最高暴露点致癌风险值为7.52×10-6,未超过致癌风险水平上限(10-4),致癌风险尚在可接受范围内。多环芳烃中苯并(a)芘对综合致癌风险贡献最大,贡献率高达61.0%,应注意防范土壤中该污染物引起的健康危害。沈阳市铁西区老工业搬迁区户外劳作者受到的非致癌危害和致癌风险主要由经口摄入途径和皮肤接触途径贡献,两种途径对非致癌危害和致癌风险贡献率分别达到99%和100%,呼吸摄入引起的非致癌危害和致癌风险则相对较小。

The health risk assessment of soil PAHs in soils of the Tiexi relocated old industrial area （TROIA） , Shenyang was evaluated by the RBCA model of USEPA. ∑ PAHs in soil samples from TROIA were 290.9-8492.37μg·kg^-1 dry weight. The non-cancer hazard index was from 6.39×10-6 to 3.04×10-4, which was less than the threshold defined by USEPA and indicated that soil PAHs in the TROIA had little risk on human health. The cancer risk index was from 2.08×10-7 to 7.52×10-6, which was evidently less than upper threshold of cancer risk （ 10-4 ） , but was a little more than low threshold of acceptable cancer risk （ 10-6）. These indicated that the cancer risk of soil PAHs was acceptable in the TROIA, but great attention to the benzo （a） - pyrene pollution in the soil should be paid because their contribution rates to the total cancer risk was 61.0%. The personal exposure of soil PAHs was mainly by direct ingestion and dermal con- tact pathways, which contributed to the non-cancer hazard index and cancer risk by 99% and 100% , respectively.