土耳其世俗化进程中的伊斯兰因素

Islamic Factors in the Process of Secularization in Turkey

在不同国家的现代化和世俗化过程中,宗教的形式及其演变自然也各不相同。宗教在历史、政治和文化层面上"无形中"对现代性起到了建构作用。本文以土耳其凯末尔革命以后的政治状况为例,通过分析土耳其世俗政权合法性中的伊斯兰因素,解释其文化与发展、历史与现实之间的关系,进而证明在中东伊斯兰国家,普遍的世俗化法则不能决定伊斯兰教的现代命运,恰恰相反,伊斯兰教的文化积淀决定了中东国家世俗化的形式与方向。土耳其政党的政治理念与执政实践很好地诠释了这一概念,特别是"正义与发展党"成功地在世俗主义与伊斯兰教之间保持了平衡。

In different countries, the form of religion and its natural evolution are different in the process of modernization and secularization. Religion played a constructing role in historical, political, cultural levels. This article takes an example of the political situation after the Kemal revolution in Turkey. It analyzes the Islamic factor in the legitimacy of the secular regime in Turkey and explains the relationship between culture and development, history and reality. It proves that the secularization law couldn＇t decide the fate of modern Islam .On the contrary, the Islamic cultural heritage itself determines the form and direction of the secularization in Middle Eastern countries. It can be said that the Turkey＇s AKP maintained a balance between secularism and Islam successfully.