康梁并称的缘起与流变

How Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao Came to Be Referred to As "Kang-Liang"

在众多康门弟子中,唯独梁启超与乃师并称,就此而言,看似师弟二人始终一体同心,实则双方常常貌合神离。合称既非事主的自愿,亦非同门的口碑,此一称谓,戊戌由湖南旧派士绅攻诋发其端,湘中及沪上新党庚其续,庚子前后清廷通缉张其名,癸卯革党与保皇会的论战坐其实。对此,当事双方均不以为然。坊间从俗,尚无大碍,学界因循,则距事实真相渐行渐远。

Among Kang Youwei's many students,only Liang Qichao is mentioned in the same breath as his teacher.To all appearances,teacher and student were all along united and of one mind,but in reality they were always essentially at variance.The conflation of their identities in the term 'Kang-Liang' was not the intention of the principals,nor was the term used by Kang's followers.The term originated in printed attacks from the old gentry in Hunan province in 1898,and was taken up by New Party members in Hunan and Shanghai.The term spread widely when the Qing court designated Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao as wanted criminals around 1900,and became firmly established during the debates between the revolutionary party and the royalist party.Both Kang and Liang disagreed with these developments.It does little damage if the general public continues to use this term,but if scholars do not reconsider their usage they will stray further and further from the truth.