基于层次分析和移动窗口方法的济南市建设用地适宜性评价

Suitability Evaluation of Urban Construction Land in Jinan City Based on AHP and Moving Window Methods

快速城市化使城市建设用地快速增长,但城市土地资源的有限性要求城市土地必须集约利用和合理开发,以实现城市可持续发展。进行城市建设用地适宜性分析有助于优化城市土地配置。本文以济南市为例,应用SPOT和ALOS高分辨率遥感数据进行土地利用解译与分类,基于ArcGIS、Fragstats软件平台,采用层次分析(AHP)与移动窗口相结合的方法,将景观指标融入建设用地适宜性评价因子中,并结合城市土地利用的自然和其他限制因子,对济南市2004年城市建设用地的适宜性进行了评价和等级划分,最后利用2009年土地利用现状图对评价结果进行有效性和可靠性分析。评价和分析表明,2004年适宜于城市建设用地的区域主要分布在城市中心以及东西部区域,2009年新增加的建设用地分布范围与2004年适宜性评价结果大致吻合,评价结果具有一定准确性和实用性。研究结果可为城市建设用地增长管理提供参考依据和决策支持。

Cities have developed rapidly since the industrial revolution, expanding worldwide in conjunction with socioeconomic development. However, the rapid growth of urban areas has led to complex problems, including traffic congestion, environmental pollution, reduced open space, and unplanned or poorly planned land development. It is necessary to address these urban problems and to identify approaches for sustainable development. The suitability evaluation of urban construction land is useful when optimizing land use in urban areas. In this paper, construction land suitability in Jinan City was evaluated using GIS and remote sensing （RS）. Land use characteristics in 2004 and 2009 were captured based on high resolution remote sensing images of SPOT and ALOS. Then, the PLAND landscape metric of the built-up area was obtained using the Moving Windows method （MW）. Multi-criteria decision making is primarily concerned with how to combine the information from several criteria to form a single index of suitability evaluation. Three types （environmental ecology, accessibility and landform） and seven criteria including vegetation,water, road accessibility, PLAND landscape metric of built-up area, distance from urban center, slope and relief degree of land surface were selected to form the single index of suitability evaluation. The weight of each criterion was calculated using the Analytical Hierarchical Analysis （AHP） method. The study area was zoned into five classes based on the degree of suitability evaluation in 2004. The reliability of the results was evaluated using the land use type map for 2009. The GIS-based AHP-MW tool developed in this study is simple, spatial, and flexible. It supplies more immediate feedback to evaluators, is easier for non-experts to understand, and provides a mechanism to explore the decision problem while learning how changes in criteria weights affect evaluation outcomes spatially and quantitatively.