淮河流域主要农作物全生育期水分盈亏时空变化分析

Temporal Analysis of the Crop Water Surplus Deficit Index for the Whole Growth Period in the Huaihe Basin

利用淮河流域171个站点1971年-2010年的气象资料及作物历年生育期资料,通过作物全生育期的需水量和有效降水量计算了主要作物全生育期的水分盈亏指数。结果表明:①淮河流域小麦种植区全生育期水分盈亏指数分区平均值在-0.66～-0.43之间,各分区均呈现水分亏缺,但多年变化趋势不明显,空间分布呈明显的纬向分布特征,越往北水分亏缺越明显;②玉米种植区全生育期水分盈亏指数分区平均值在0.05～0.17之间,各区多年变化均呈增加趋势,其中北部平原夏玉米区和中部平原夏玉米区增加趋势通过了α=0.05显著性检验,分别达到0.099/10a和0.097/10a,空间分布呈西北-东南分布特征,由西北向东南增大;③沿淮及以南一季稻区水分盈亏指数平均为0.05,呈现0.024/10a的增加趋势,空间分布呈中间小两头大的分布特征。

The Huaihe Basin is in eastern China and a major grain production area. Wheat is a major crop during summer, summer corn is a major autumn crop in the north of the basin, and rice is an autumn crop in the south of the basin. Here, we use the water requirements and effective precipitation during a crop＇ s whole growth period to calculate the crop water surplus deficit index based on meteorology data from 171 sites from 1971 to 2010 in the Huaihe basin. The results show that the average water surplus deficit index for wheat＇ s whole growth period is between-0.66 and-0.43; each region showed a water deficit, tendency of yearly variation is not apparent, zonal distribution characteristics is apparent, and water deficit is much more serious in north than in south. The average water surplus deficit index for corn＇ s whole growth period is between 0.05 and 0.17; tendency of yearly variation is increase, the increase tendency of both northern plains summer corn area and central plains summer corn area is apparent, the value is 0.099/10a and 0.097/10a, zonal distribution present northwest-southeast distribution characteristics. Average water surplus deficit index for rice＇ s whole growth period is 0.05; increase tendency is 0.024/10a, zonal distribution present middle area is much less serious. We only analyzed water surplus characteristics for three main crops in the Huaihe Basin, and water surplus characteristics of each growth stage require in-depth analysis in the future.