现代生物技术在人参属药用植物研究中的应用

New technologies used for Panax genus research

该文对DNA条形码等分子鉴定技术、一代和二代测序技术、基因克隆等现代生物技术在人参属药用植物的物种鉴定、转录组分析、次生代谢产物合成途径及关键酶功能鉴定研究中的应用进行综述。现代生物技术为人参属药用植物在分子水平的研究提供保证,揭示了人参属药用植物转录组及功能基因等遗传信息,加速了人参属药用植物基因组图谱绘制,为阐明人参属植物中重要次生代谢产物——人参皂苷合成的分子机制、实现体外合成重要天然产物以及对未来新药物的研发奠定基础。

The authors reviewed the new technologies used for Panax genus research, including molecular identification tech- nologies （especially for DNA bareoding） , modern biotechnologies （e. g. the first generation and second generation sequencing technol- ogies） , and gene cloning and identification in this paper. These technologies have been successfully applied to species identification, transcriptome analysis, secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway and the key enzyme function identification, indicating that the appli- cation of modern biotechnologies provide guarantee for the molecular identification of Panax genus. The application of modem biotech- nologies also reveals the genetic information of transcriptome and functional genomics, and promotes the design of Panax plants genomic map. In summary, the application of the new technologies lay the foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside bi- osynthesis and enforcing the in vitro synthesis of important natural products and new drugs in future.