宗族网络与农村劳动力流动

The Lineage Networks and the Migration of the Labor Forces

以农业部固定观察点调查和中国经济研究中心的补充调查数据为基础,本文从宗族网络的角度考察了转型期间农村劳动力流动的行为。研究表明:(1)以家庭姓氏的人口比例衡量的宗族网络规模对家庭外出打工影响不大,而真正发挥作用的是家庭的宗族网络强度。也就是说,相比于姓氏没有祠堂或家谱的家庭,外出打工的可能性在姓氏有祠堂或家谱的家庭中更高。(2)围绕着宗族网络而产生的赠送或往来礼金,为其成员的劳动力流动提供了一种社会保险,从而促进外出打工。(3)以血缘为纽带的宗族网络作为传统农村的典型特征,其作用随着经济发展和社会转型趋于弱化。本文的发现有助于理解传统组织(如宗族)和现代制度(如市场化)之间的互动关系,对我们理解现代农村及其制度建设具有一定的意义。

Based on the investigation made by the National Fixed-point Survey and on the supplementary survey data collected by China Center for Economic Research,we have,from the aspect of lineage networks(LN),probed the moving of the rural labor forces during the period of economic transition.The results of our study indicate that(1) the LN scope measured by the proportion of the family-name population has no great impact,and the real role has been played by the degree of the LN.In other words,compared with the families without the ancestral hall or the genealogy,the families with the ancestral hall or the genealogy have more capability to go out for work;(2) the gifts associated with the LN has provided a social insurance for labor migration,thus propelling the migration for work;(3) the LN with the consanguinity as a linkage is a typical characteristic in traditional villages,and the function of the LN tends to weakening with the economic growth and the social transition.Our discovery in this paper helps us to understand the interaction between the traditional organization(e.g.lineages) and the modern institution(e.g.the commercialization) and thus to have certain significance for comprehending the modern villages and their system construction.