伤害回避的脑机制及其生物基础

Neural Mechanism and Neurobiological Basis of Harm Avoidance

伤害回避是指个体对厌恶刺激信号做出强烈的反应,并学会被动地回避惩罚的一种倾向,这一倾向使得个体反复思考未来的结局,并谨慎小心地对待不确定情景中的事件,进而更有可能诱发情感障碍。伤害回避涉及的神经网络包括三个子网络,即额顶叶-前扣带皮层的连接、皮层-杏仁核的连接和白质通道的结构性连接,这三个子网络分别与羞怯感-易疲劳性、预期担心以及不确定环境中的害怕情绪有关。而其生物基础则包括单一基因多态性和基因多态间的交互作用。今后的研究应该集中在深化伤害回避神经网络与生物基础间的联合机制、研究三种及以上基因多态间的交互作用、考察其他因素对基因效应的调节作用、注重伤害回避四种亚型相关神经网络之间的连接、探讨5-HT4等其他几种5-羟色胺受体多态性与伤害回避的关系以及分析伤害回避内部机制在抗抑郁治疗中的作用等方面。

Harm avoidance is a type of trait anxiety which is defined as a tendency to respond intensely to aversive stimuli signals and to learn to passively avoid punishment. The tendency is associated with ruminating about future outcomes and being careful in uncertain situations as well as facing a higher risk for affective disorders. The neural network involving in harm avoidance includes the network including the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe and the anterior cingulate cortex; the junction between cortex and amygdala and the structural connectivity in white matter pathways. Not only one polymorphism but also the interaction of different polymorphisms can have influence on the harm avoidance. The future research should focus on the association of neural mechanism with neurobiological basis of harm avoidance and the interaction of multiple polymorphisms, inspect the moderating effect of other factors and the relation among the subscale of harm avoidance as well as research other receptor subtypes of serotonin and rehabilitation work of it.