基于生态足迹分析的经济发达地区生态适度人口研究——以无锡市为例

Research on Eco-optimum Population in Developed Regions Based on Ecological Footprint Analysis——A Case Study of Wuxi City

应用生态足迹方法,分析了无锡市2001～2008年生态足迹动态变化,在此基础上对无锡市生态适度人口进行了研究。结果表明：研究期内,无锡市人均生态足迹从2.45hm2增加至5.46hm2,同时人均生态赤字从1.94hm2增至5.00hm2,而且两者均有增大趋势;但万元GDP生态足迹逐年下降,表明资源利用效率在提高;随着人均消费资源量的上升,资源环境压力加剧,所能承载的人口越来越少。为了缓解环境承载的人口压力,提出合理控制区域人口规模、加强土地资源管理、优化调整产业结构、提高资源利用效率等增强生态承载力等对策建议措施。

Applying the ecological footprint （EF） method, the dynamic changes of ecological footprint was analyzed in Wuxi city of Jiangsu province. Then, eco-optimum population was studied. The results showed that per capita EF increased from 2.45 hm2 to 5.46 hm2, and per capita ecological deficit （ED） also increased from 1.94 hm2 to 5.00 hm2, which indicated both indexes had increasing trend; But EF of per million GDP was decreasing year by year, which indicated resource utilization efficiency was improving; With the amount of per-capita consumption increasing, the resource and environmental pressures were aggravated and fewer and fewer people could be supported by environment. In order to relieve regional environmental pressure, the following countermeasures were proposed, which were controlling the regional population scale, strengthening the management of land resources, optimizing and adjusting industrial structure and improving resource utilization efficiency.