基于专利情报的技术机会与区域技术专业化分析

An Analysis of Technological Opportunity and Regional Technological Specialization Based on Patent Information

在不同时期,不同的技术领域有不同的发展机会。基于专利情报构建技术机会和技术专业化指标,探讨近20年来技术机会的分布及其与区域技术专业化的关系。在1994-2001年和2002-2008年间,主要的技术机会分别集中在电气工程、化工技术,以及电气工程、仪器和机械工程技术领域。我国各省区中,只有广东省等级少数省区在拥有最高技术机会的技术领域实现了专业化,而其他的省区的技术能力则被锁定在其他的技术领域。技术进步的积累与路径依赖特性,以及区域创新系统理论可以对此做出较好的解释。

The technological opportunities vary with different time periods and technological fields. Indicators of technological opportunity and technological specialization are designed based on patent information, which are employed to analyze the relationship of the distribution of technological opportunity and regional technological specialization. Opportunities occurred in the technological fields of electrical engi- neering and chemical engineering in the period of 1994-2001 and electrical engineering, instrument and mechanical engineering in the peri- od of 2002-2008. Guangdong is the only province being able to specialize in the technological sectors with the highest technological op- portunities, while almost every other province is locked into inferior technological paths. The cumulative and path-dependent character of technology change and the theory of regional innovation system can provide some explanations for these results.