供应链可追溯性对食品安全和上下游企业利润的影响

The Impact of the Supply Chain Traceability on Food Safety and Corporate Profits

近年来我国食品安全面临重大挑战,一方面众多食品企业利用自身相对于消费者和监管者的信息优势谋取不法利润,另一方面食品供应链中上下游企业之间的信息不对称又导致企业难以协同提供安全的食品。食品供应链追溯系统作为一个完整的生产信息记录和披露体系在欧美地区的实践中被证明是一种提高食品安全水平的有效途径。本文理论分析了一个由下游销售者和上游农场组成的垂直供应链结构,考察了可追溯性的提高如何改善供应链中食品安全水平及对上下游企业利润的影响。研究表明,增强供应链中任一环节的可追溯性,不但能够促进该环节的企业提高其产品安全水平,还可以促使供应链上其他环节的企业提供更加安全的产品。此时,销售者能够从供应链可追溯性的提高中获益,然而农场和整个供应链的利润会有所降低。

The domestic food market has been faced great challenges in recent years, one hand is that o many participants involved in the modem food supply chain have information superiority, and there are information asymmetric between these firms the other hand. The food supply chain traceability system has been proved to be an effective way to improve food safety in the practice of Europe and North America. Using a vertical supply chain model consisted by seller and farmers, we examine the impact of traceability improvement on the effort level in the production and profits of supply chain corporate. The results show that the improvement of any one part of enterprise traceability will improve the production behavior of all the enterprises in the supply chain, thereby greatly improving the level of food safety. However, only the seller can benefit from premium payment of consumers for the traceability, while the farms and the whole supply chain＇s profit will decrease.