不同二倍体和四倍体小麦成熟胚再生体系研究

Studies on Regeneration System of Mature Embryo from Diploid and Tetraploid Wheat

为了研究不同基因型和培养条件对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,以硬粒小麦、墨西里卡、野生一粒麦Tu和野生一粒麦Tb为实验材料,对其成熟胚在不同激素配比下愈伤组织的诱导和植株分化进行研究。结果表明,不同基因型小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导、分化及再生均存在很大差异。其中硬粒小麦的成熟胚培养效果最佳,其愈伤组织在不同2,4-D浓度(1.0～4.0 mg/L)下诱导率均在93%以上。不同激素配比对成熟胚愈伤组织绿点率、再生率均有显著影响。硬粒小麦、墨西里卡、野生一粒麦Tb在激素配比为KT 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L的分化培养基中培养效果最好,其绿点率分别为85.22%,61.67%,8.50%,成苗率分别为40.40%,32.06%,1.72%;而野生一粒麦Tu的最适分化培养基激素配比为KT 1.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L,其绿点率和再生率分别为18.64%和8.47%。研究表明,基因型是影响二倍体和四倍体小麦成熟胚培养的主要因素,愈伤组织的诱导和植株的再生是相互独立的。

In order to investigate the effect of genetype and medium on callus induction and differentiation, the mature embryos of Tdticum durum Desf., Moxilika, Triticum boeoticum.Tb, Trlticum boeoticum.Tu were cultured. The results showed that there were great differences in frequency of induction, differentiation and plant regeneration of mature embryos callus from four wheat varieties. Mature embryo-derived callus of Tdticum durum Desf. showed best tissue culture response than other genotypes. With the concentration of 2, 4-D from 1.0 to 4.0 mg/L, there was little differences on callus induction which was above 93%. Different hormone combinations have great effects on frequency of green spots and regeneration of callus from mature embryos. For Triticum durum Desf., Moxilika and Triticum boeoticurn. Tb, the optimal hormone combinations of differentiation Medium was 1.5 mg/L KT and 0.5 mg/L NAA, under which the frequency of green spot were 85.22%, 61.67%, 8.50%, and the frequency of regeneration were 40.40%, 32.06%, 1.72%, respectively. Whereas with 1.5 mg/L KT and 0.5 mg/L NAA, the frequency of green spot and regeneration of Triticum boeoticum. Tu was highest, which were 18.64% and 8.47%, respectively. The genetype was the main factor influencing the tissue culture of diploid and tetraploid wheat, and the frequency of callus induction and plant regeneration was independent.