苹果郁闭园不同间伐方式对果树群体结构和果实品质的影响

Effects of Different Thinning Methods on Group Structure and Fruit Quality in Airtight Apple Orchard

以成龄‘红富士’苹果郁闭园为试材,设计隔行间伐(处理A)、隔株间伐(处理B)、行内隔3去1间伐(处理C)3种处理和对照(CK),研究它们对果树群体结构和果实品质的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,各间伐处理的枝类组成得到了不同程度的优化,叶丛枝、短枝和长枝比例增加,徒长枝比例减小;3个处理的每公顷的总枝量、树冠覆盖率开始时下降明显,以后逐年恢复;处理A的行间交接率明显下降,而处理B的株间交接率下降明显;各处理的叶面积系数降低,叶片变大,百叶厚度增加;果园的通透条件明显改善。间伐处理的果实外观品质如单果重、色泽、着色面积、优质果率均明显的好于对照;果实的内在品质如含糖量增加、滴定酸含量下降、硬度增大,果实的风味和质地等也都优于对照。试验得出结论,适宜的间伐方式可从根本上改善苹果郁闭园的群体结构,提高果实品质,各间伐处理的综合效果以处理B最佳,处理A次之。

The being grown ＇Red Fuji＇ apple airtight orchard was used to .study, there were three different thinning methods, interlaced thinning （A）, septum strain thinning （B）, every four trees cutting one in the line （C） and the control （CK）, and the effects of different methods on group structure and fruit quality. The results showed that compared with CK, three different thinning methods got different degree of optimization, the ratio of leaves witches branches, short shoot and long shoot increased while water sprout decreased; at the beginning, the coverage rate and branch quantities per hectare declined significantly and recovered year by year; the overlap rate among individual trees of A declined while the overlap rate between the lines B declined significantly; the leaf area index reduced, leaves size largened and thickness of hundred leaves increased; the connect fully conditions of the orchard improved obviously. Fruit appearance quality such as average fruit weight, tinge, shading area and high quality fruit rate were better than CK after thinning. Fruit internal quality such as fruit flavor and texture were better than CK, titration acid content declined, and hardness increased. The conclusion was that appropriate thinning methods could fundamentally improve apple airtight orchard group structure and fruit quality, in terms of general effect, B was the best thinning method and A placed the second.