水葫芦和金鱼藻对黄颡鱼养殖水体净化效果研究

Research of Eichhornia crassipes and Ceratophyllum demersum L in the remediation of degraded aquacultural water of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco

以黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)养殖水体为试验用养殖污水,以浮水性水生植物水葫芦和沉水性水生植物金鱼藻作为净化水质的材料,研究水葫芦、金鱼藻及上述2种植物组合立体式栽培对黄颡鱼养殖水体的净化效果。结果表明:当水葫芦生物量达到1 080g.m-3时,养殖水体中TN、TP、NH3-N去除率为53%、78%、76%,且保持一定的稳定性,鱼苗增重率及成活率分别为242%和94%;金鱼藻生物量为720g.m-3时,养殖水体中TN、TP、NH3-N去除率为46%、62%、72%,鱼苗增重率及成活率分别为260%和96%;水葫芦+金鱼藻组生物量在各360g.m-3时,养殖水体中TN、TP、NH3-N去除率为74%、71%、82%,鱼苗增重率及成活率分别为289%和96%。这说明,投放有效水质改良植物并配置合理生物量和栽培方式,不仅对养殖水体的修复有良好效果,而且对黄颡鱼苗种生长及成活有明显的促进作用。

Effects of floating plants Eichhornia crassipes, submerged plant Ceratophyllum dernersum L. , and their combination cultivation on water quality of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco ponds were studied. The results showed that ： when the biomass of Eichhornia crassipes was 1 080 g . m a, the effect of removing TN, TP, and NH3-N was stable,as high as 53%, 78% and 76% in rate respectively, while the weight growth rate （WGR） and survival rate of Pseudobagrus ful- vidraco were 242 % and 94 %. When the biomass of Ceratophyllum demersum L was 720 g . m-3 , the effect of removing TN, TP, and NH-N were 46%, 62% and 72% in rate respectively, while the WGR and survival rate of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco were 260% and 96M, respectively. When the biomass of combination of Eichhornia crassipes and Cerato phyllum demersum L was 360 g . m-, the effect of removing TN, TP, and NH-N were 74% , 71% and 82% in rate respectively, and the WGR and survival rate of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco were 289 % and 96 %. Obviously, aquatic plants with rational biomass and applied together with good planting methods can not only significantly increase the quality of water, but also be helpful for growth and survival of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco fry.