某卷烟厂职业噪声危害及其对工人听力损害的研究

Study of occupational noise hazards and noise-induced hearing loss in a cigarette factory

目的了解某卷烟厂在生产过程中存在的职业性噪声危害程度及噪声对作业工人听力损害的情况。方法对该卷烟厂噪声作业岗位进行噪声强度、频谱、危害程度监测,并对作业工人听力损害与工种、工龄的关系进行分析。结果作业岗位噪声超标率37.96%,噪声强度在72.5～96.4 dB(A),噪声作业危害岗位占33.44%,噪声频谱在125～4 000 Hz间,属稳态宽频噪声,噪声作业工人听力异常率为20.8%。复烤工段噪声强度和听力损害发生率较高,随着工龄增加而增高,各工龄组听力损害发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该厂的生产性噪声已对职工健康造成一定的损害。应改善作业环境,完善防护措施,加强职业卫生监督管理。

[ Objective] To understand the occupational noise intensity in product processing and its effect on hearing impairment of workers in a cigarette factory. [ Methods] Noise assessments and noise monitoring were conducted at the workplace, collecting data on noise intensity, noise spectrum, and levels of noise exposure. And the relationship between hearing loss levels and occupations, lengths of service was analyzed. [ Results ] The over standard rate of noise was 37.96%, with intensity ranged between 72.5-96.4 dB （A） ,33.44% operation spots had noise hazard. The noise spectrum （ 125-4 000 Hz） fell into stationary broadband one. Among those occupationally exposed to noise, 20.8 % of them suffered from hearing loss. As for hearing loss among employees of different occupations, it was shown that those undertaking tasks producing higher noise, such as tobacco re-drying, are more vulnerable to hearing damage than others. And as far as lengths of service were concerned, workers with longer lengths of service were more like- ly to suffer from noise-induced hearing loss, and the incidence was significantly different between age groups （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. [ Conclusion] Noise exposure in the workplace has caused a certain damage on the health of workers. It is necessary to improve the working environment and to strengthen the occupational health suoervision and administration.