四川省某高校大学生病毒性肝炎健康教育效果评价

Effect evaluation of health education about virus hepatitis among students in a university in Sichuan Province

目的评价四川省某高校大学生病毒性肝炎健康教育效果,为探索以学校为中心普及病毒性肝炎预防知识的健康教育模式提供参考,为制定有效的肝炎防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,选取四川省某高校一年级大学生作为研究对象,采取讲座、标语、主题班会、墙报、肝炎促进活动作品创作攻关等多种形式开展健康教育。在健康教育前后采用问卷法对目标人群进行病毒性肝炎相关知识、态度、行为(KAP)及信息获取情况的调查,并对效果进行评价。结果健康教育后,学生对病毒性肝炎基本知识的知晓率有所提高,但是对其传播途径的知晓率仍较低,尤其是甲(戊)型肝炎传播途径的知晓率,由健康教育前的2.1%上升为教育后的2.3%,但差异无统计学意义;不介意与乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒携带者共进餐和愿意接种乙肝疫苗的比例上升,健康教育前后差异具有统计学意义;乙肝疫苗的接种率由教育前的60.1%提高到了78.2%,差异具有统计学意义。结论通过健康教育,使大学生对传播肝炎的相关知识知晓率有所提高,特别是有效提高了病毒性肝炎预防控制知识和有关信念,但对效果不明显的内容今后应进一步探索有效的教育方法。

[ Objective ] To evaluate the health education among students in a university in Sichuan Province, to provide reference for the mode of the ＂school-centered＂health education related to virus hepatitis, and to provide scientific basis for devloping effective strategies and measures against hepatitis. [Methods]The freshmen in college were selected with cluster sampling method from the university as study objects, carrying out health education through institute, slogan, theme party, wall newspaper, hepatitis promo-tion activities etc. The questionnaire surveys on KAP and access to information about hepatitis were conducted before and after health education. [ Results] After the health education, the awareness rates about basic knowledge about virus hepatitis were in- creased, but that about its transmission way was still low, especially the transmission way of A （E ） hepatitis （from 2.1% before education to 2.3% after education, without significant difference ）. Referring for the infection of classmate, the ratios of the students who did not mind eating together and would like to be immunized with HBV vaccine were increased, with significant difference. The ratio of immunization with HBV vaccine was increased from 60.1% before education to 78.2% after education, with significant difference. [ Conclusion] Dissemination of knowledge related to virus hepatitis by health education can improve the awareness rate and associated belief on viral hepatitis. But other related knowledge content without obvious effect should be concerned for explora-tion of effective education approach.