某机械厂454名噪声作业工人听力状况的调查

Investigation on hearing status of 454 noise-exposed workers in a machinery factory

目的了解某机械厂噪声作业工人听力下降的情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法对某机械厂454名噪声作业人员的职业健康检查资料结合作业场所噪声监测报告进行统计分析。结果高频听力异常137人,占受检人数的30.18%;听力下降随工龄增加而增高,不同工龄组间高频听力下降率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);听力下降在男女之间存在明显差异(χ2=27.87,P<0.01);工作场所噪声强度与听力下降间有明显的相关性。结论生产性噪声对高频听力有影响,并随噪声作业工龄、工作场所噪声强度的增加,听力下降的危险性也明显增加;不良的生活习惯可增加听力下降的危险性。建议加强个人防护,改善工艺,降低噪声强度,同时应注意改变个人的不良生活习惯,控制噪声聋的发生。

[ Objective ] To investigate the hearing loss status of workers exposed to noise and its influencing factors in a machinery factory. [ Methods ] Data from occupational health examinations on 454 workers exposed to noise in a machinery factory and noise surveillances at their working sites were included for analysis. [ Results] Among those workers, 137 individuals （ 30.18% ） had high-frequency hearing loss which was increased with extending length of service. The difference was significant （ P 〈0.01 ）. The prevalence of hearing loss was significantly different between genders （ X^2 = 27.87, P 〈 0.01 ）. Intensity of noise at working sites was significantly associated with hearing loss. [ Conclusion] Industrial noise impacts high-frequency hearing capacity. The risk of getting hearing loss can increase with extending of service length, increasing intensity of noise. Unhealthy lifestyles can aggravate its degree. Improved individual protections, advanced techniques, lower intensity of noise are strongly suggested. Meanwhile, un-healthy lifestyles should be changed as well to control hearing loss induced by noise.