景观认知偏好及其人群差异性分析

Landscape Cognitive Preference and Individual Difference Analysis

以武汉市后官湖地区为例,采用层次分析法(AHP)测试了人们对该区域内3种景观类型、12类景观元素的认知偏好情况,并初步分析了景观认知偏好的人群差异性。结果表明:(1)样本人群对不同的景观类型和景观元素表现出不同程度的偏好,并且普遍偏好自然景观(尤其是包含水体和与树木有关的景观元素),其次是半自然景观,最次是人工景观;(2)不同个体对于自然景观的认知偏好表现出明显的差异性,而对于人工景观,样本人群的认知偏好评价较为一致;(3)样本人群的性别、年龄、地区、受教育程度、职业及专业背景均会对个体的景观认知偏好产生不同程度的影响,影响程度从大到小依次为:年龄、职业、地区、专业背景、受教育程度、性别;(4)通过对样本人群个体差异性分析结果,最为偏好自然景观的人群大致具有以下特征:女性、小于45岁、居住在城市地区、大学及以上受教育程度、从事室内工作、具有景观或设计相关专业知识。

Taking Houguan Lake, Wuhan as the case area, cognitive preference of subjects to 3 landscape types/12 elements was evaluated by AHP, and their individual differences were also analyzed. Results indicated that the subjects show different degree of preferences on different landscape types or elements. They generally prefer natural landscape most especially landscape elements including water and trees, followed by semi-natural landscape and artificial landscape. Obvious difference exists in cognitive preference of different subjects to natural landscape types. Different subjects have similar cognitive preference to artificial landscape. The cognitive preference values are affected by the subjects＇ gender, age, living area, education background, vocation and professional background, with the influence degree from high to low as age, vocation, living area, professional background, education background and gender. According to analysis results of individual difference of cognitive preference, the subjects who prefer natural landscape have some features in common, that is female, younger than 45 years＇ old, living in urban area, bachelor or above degree, working indoor, and with professional background of landscape or equivalent.