桂皮紫萁群落类型及关键环境生态因子分析研究

Study on Community Types and Analysis of Key Bioenvironmental Factors of Oamunda cinnamomea L.var.asiatica

对长白山区林下重要经济植物-桂皮紫萁(Oamunda cinnamomea L.var.asiatica Fiernald)进行了群落调查,对比分析了其群落的组成及结构、关键环境生态因子和桂皮紫萁生长状况。结果表明:桂皮紫萁在长白山区不同林相中形成了4个种群丛类型:白桦林-褐叶鞘苔草-桂皮紫萁群丛、柳叶绣线菊-桂皮紫萁群丛、蒙古栎-乌苏里鼠李-桂皮紫萁群丛、红松-色木槭-桂皮紫萁群丛,局部地方形成林下草本层的优势种;生长在pH为5.0～6.5的酸性和弱酸性的暗棕森林土、草甸土和沼泽土上,生长盛期适宜土壤含水量40.88%以上,草甸地的草甸土和沼泽土的土壤含水量高于山坡地暗棕森林,其热力特性优于山坡地暗棕森林,对植物生长和植物营养积累有利;生长盛期适宜光照度范围为2.16万～4.48万lx,郁闭度为31%～75%;桂皮紫萁生长地的空气相对湿度范围在65%～90%的群落中生长中较为适宜。在长白山区的桂皮紫萁生长量大,生长状况表现由强到弱依次为灌丛草甸>白桦疏林-水湿地>针阔混交林>落叶阔叶林。

The floristic composition, ecological envirnment and community structure of Oamunda cinnarnomea var. asiatica resource were studied in mountain Changbai. The results showed Oamunda cinnamomea L. var. asiatica mainly distributed in deciduous broadleaved forest, needle-broad-leaved mixed forest and Betula platyphylla sparse woods wetland,and was clumped populations or was locally dominant species in the herb layer under forest in different communities. Oamunda cinnarnomea L. var. asiateca flew in the dull brown forest soil, meadow soil and marsh soil. The soil pH was 5. 0-6. 5. Soil moisture content was 44. 88% more than over. Oamunda cinnamomea L. var. asiatica liked the transmisive light under forest： and unliked strong light and full shade. Oamunda cinnamama L. var. asiatica was suitable to grow in the communities that crown density was between 31% and 75% and that relative humidity of air was between 65 % and 90%. In the all communities,Oamunda cinnamomea L. var. asiatica had an higher yield and a better growing way in mountain of Changbai,but shrub meadow〉betula platyphylla sparse woods wetland〉needle-broad-leaved mixed forest〉broadleaved forest.