上海基础教育公平的实证研究

Empirical Research on Equity of Basic Education in Shanghai

国际学生评估项目(PISA)从三个方面评价教育公平:学习结果的平等、教育资源分配的公平、克服学生背景的学习公平。用上海2009年PISA数据对这三个方面进行实证研究发现,上海在学习结果平等上优于OECD平均,但在教育资源分配的垂直公平上仍存在不足,学生经济社会背景占优势的学校仍然能够获得较多、较好的教师资源;在克服学生背景的学习公平上,学生家庭社会经济文化地位对上海学生个体的阅读成绩影响低于OECD平均,但学校之间生源家庭经济社会背景存在明显的分层现象,并且对学校平均成绩有极显著的影响。

Programme for International Student Assessment （PISA） evaluates equity of basic education from three perspectives： equality in learning outcomes, equity in the distribution of educational resources, and equity in learning regardless of student background. By analyzing the PISA 2009 data of Shanghai on these three perspectives, the results show that Shanghai has reached a higher level of equality than OECD average on learning outcomes. However, the equity level in the distribution of educational resources is not as high as OECD average. The social-economically advantaged schools benefit from more or better teacher resources. With regards to overcoming the background, the effect of ESCS on reading performance at student level in Shanghai is lower than OECD average, but there is significant socio-economic segregation between schools that has significant effect on school mean reading performances.