胶东山区景观格局与环境因子关系研究——以山东省栖霞市为例

Relationship between landscape pattern and environmental factors in Jiaodong mountain region —The case of Qixia City in Shandong Province

为揭示山区景观格局分布特征,在ARCGIS和CANOCO for Windows 4.5软件支持下,利用2003年和2010年山东省栖霞市土地利用景观类型图、DEM图和土壤图等数据,建立栖霞市地学数据库,采用CCA排序法,分析了在不同时间尺度下栖霞市土地利用类型与环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)2003年和2010年CCA排序的前4个排序轴的累积景观环境解释量分别为98.8%和98.7%,而且呈现减小趋势;但从景观与环境的相关系数可以看出,2003年比2010年的相关系数大;两年的特征值总量分别为0.572和0.808。(2)环境因子对景观格局分布的贡献率随着时间变化而有所差异;而且2003年和2010年研究区土地利用格局变化不大,除未利用地外,其他6种土地利用类型空间差异不明显。(3)2003年和2010年土地景观格局和环境因子的关系呈现相似的规律性。对土地利用格局重要性影响比较大的因子主要为日照时数、坡度和海拔;日照时数较长、海拔较低、坡度较小的地区分布的主要是水域、建设用地,而未利用地和草地主要分布在日照时数较短、海拔较高、坡度较大的地区。通过景观格局与环境因子关系研究,揭示了栖霞市土地利用景观格局分布特征,可以为农业结构调整提供理论依据,为土地利用格局优化提供参考依据。

To determine the distribution characteristics of landscape patterns in mountain regions, the case of Qixia City was investigated and a geological database built for grid datum using the 2003/2010 land use/landscape pattern map, DEM map, soil map, etc. of Qixia City. These data were processed in ARCGIS and CANOCO environments on Windows 4.5 platform. CCA （canonical correlation analysis） ranking method was used in the study to comparatively analyze changes in landscape pattern and environmental factors in different years in Qixia City. The results showed that percent cumulative variances of landscape-environment relation were respectively 98.8% and 98.7% in 2003 and 2010, indicating a decreasing trend. However, correlation analysis between landscape and environment showed a higher coefficient for 2003 than for 2010. Meanwhile total eigen-values of the ordination axes were 0.572 and 0.808, respectively. Different environmental factors had different impacts on landscape pattern with time. There was little change in land use/landscape pattern between 2003 and 2010. In addition, the other six land use types were not obviously different, except for unused land. There were similar regularities in the relationship between landscape pattern and environmental factors for 2003 and 2010. The main factors with major impact on landscape were sunshine hours, slope gradient and altitude. Water surface and build-up land were in areas with higher sunshine hours, lower altitudes and gentler slopes. However, unused land and grassland were mainly in the other areas. Through land use/landscape pattern and environmental factor relationship, this paper determined land use/landscape pattern distribution characteristics in Qixia City. This study therefore provided theoretical basis for adjustments in agricultural land structure and in the general land use structure for optimized land use in the study area and beyond.