中国跨界水生态系统保护的国际法视角

On the Protection of Transboundary Water Ecological Systems in China:from the Point of International Law

保护跨界水生态系统作为一项正在形成中的国际水法基本原则,反映了国际流域各国对流域水生态系统健康的关注和流域可持续发展的愿望,也是共同利益理论的体现。保护跨界水生态系统的具体措施包括以下几方面:预防、减少和控制水污染;预防外来或新物种入侵;确保生态需水等。我国以后在国际流域开发利用活动中,应当通过单独或者与其他沿岸国共同采取措施,注意保护流域生态系统。就国际法层面而言,我国可以采取的措施包括:信息交流;联合监测;流域生物多样性保护合作;实施跨界环境影响评价;寻求流域生态补偿;签订和实施流域水条约等。

Being a formulating fundamental principle of International Water Law, the protection of transboundary water ecological systems reflects the fact that every international basin state takes care of the health of its basin water ecological system, and wishes to achieve its basin sustainable development. It is also the reflection of Common Interest Theory. The concrete measures of protecting transboundary water ecological systems contain the following： prevent, control and reduce water pollution ; prevent foreign or new species from invading; protect and preserve water environment; safeguard the water quantity that ecological system need itself. In the course of the development and utilization of its international basin water resources, China shall take individual measures or cooperate with other riparian states to take care of protecting basin water ecological systems. From the point of International Law, China can take the following measures： exchange information and technology with other riparian states; joint monitoring;cooperate with other riparian states on the protection of basin biodiversity; carry out transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment; seek for basin ecological compensation; sign and implement basin water treaties.