马克思恩格斯的阶级划分标准思想及其在当代中国的适用——基于马克思主义文本的考察

Marx and Engels's standard of classes division and the application in contemporary china——Based on the investigation of marxist classics

马克思恩格斯反对以收入、收入源泉、职业为标准划分阶级。他们认为,未获充分发展的生产力、社会分工和私有制是阶级形成和存在的三大条件。从他们关于三大条件与阶级形成、存在关系的具体论述中,笔者认为,以生产资料支配权与剩余劳动支配权这样一个二元标准划分阶级应更符合马克思恩格斯的本意。根据这种标准,当代中国社会划分为国家和社会管理者等五大阶级。剩余劳动的支配关系即是阶级之间的关系。这种关系并不必然是剥削关系,并不必然导致阶级之间的对抗或斗争。

Marx and Engels Opposed to dividing classes according to income,a source of income or occupation.They confirmed that productive forces,the social division of labor and private ownership were the conditions of class formation.Based on the concrete relationship between the cinditions and class formation,we think that controling over production and surplus labor are the standard of classes division.Possession of production and controling over production havn't the same meaning.Possession of surplus labor and controling over surplus labor havn't the same meaning also.The standard is convenient to class analysis and the formulation of class policy.