产业生态系统与战略性新兴产业发展

Industrial Ecosystem and the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries

基于商业生态系统、国家创新系统等既有理论,本文提出了产业生态系统的概念。与生态学家或环境学家将产业生态系统看做类似于自然生态系统的物质、能量和信息循环体系不同,本文将产业生态系统定义为对某一产业的发展产生重要影响的各种要素的集合及其相互作用的关系,包括创新生态系统、生产生态系统与应用生态系统三个子系统,以及要素供给、基础设施、社会文化环境、国际环境、政策体系等辅助因素。产业生态系统具有相互依赖、复杂连接、自我修复、共同演化等特征。产业的发展是整个产业生态系统共同作用的结果,各国在战略性新兴产业上的竞争实际上就是产业生态系统的竞争,那些能够率先建立起完整的产业生态系统的国家将会在战略性新兴产业的发展中占据先机。培育和发展战略性新兴产业不能仅支持产业的某一个方面,而是要促进其所处生态系统的完善与协调。

Based on the theories of business ecosystem and national innovation system, this paper put forward the concept of industrial ecosystem. Quite different from the ecologist or environmentalist who regard industrial ecosystem as an environmental ecosystem with the circle of material, energy and information, this paper defines industrial ecosystem as a set of factors that are vital to the development of a certain industry and their interrelationship. The industrial ecosystem consist of 3 sub-systems including innovation ecosystem, production ecosystem, and application ecosystem, and subsidiary factors including factors supply, infrastructure, socio-cuhural environment, international environment, policy system. The industrial ecosystem is characterized of interdependencies, complex interactions, self-recovery, and co-evolution. The development of an industry is the result of the reaction of the whole industrial ecosystem. The competition in strategic emerging industries among countries is indeed the competition in their industrial ecosystems. The country which firstly set up perfect industrial ecosystem could take the preemptive opportunities. In order to cultivate and prompt the strategic emerging industries, the policies could not only be concentrated to one factor, but also be focused on prompting the whole industrial ecosystem＇s perfect and harmony.