集聚效应下环境规制与产业竞争力关系研究——基于“波特假说”的再检验

Study on the Relationship between Environmental Regulation and Industrial Competitiveness under Agglomeration Effect——“Porter Hypothesis” Re-Examination

"波特假说"认为环境规制能刺激企业创新从而补偿环境规制带来的成本并增强市场盈利能力,进而提高产业竞争力,但实证分析并未完全支持这一说法,环境规制的创新补偿效应不能促进所有产业竞争力提高。基于不同行业具有不同环境污染强度的事实,本文对20个制造业进行分类,分别研究了重度、中度以及轻度污染产业的环境规制与产业集聚、产业竞争力之间的关系,对"波特假说"进行了再检验。研究发现:环境规制降低产业集聚的悲观结论不成立;环境规制对产业竞争力的影响,是环境规制的创新效应和产业集聚效应综合作用的结果;重度污染产业的环境规制,刺激了创新的产生,但削弱了产业集聚效应,并且创新效应难以抵消产业集聚下降给竞争力造成的损失;中度污染产业的环境规制创新效应不显著,但由于产业集聚效应的增强,提高了该类产业的竞争力;轻度污染产业的环境规制创新效应和产业集聚效应都不显著,因此,对产业竞争力的影响也不显著。但考虑内生环境规制的影响时,波特假说成立。创新驱动结合产业集聚效应,才能达到环境质量和经济发展的双赢。

＂Porter hypothesis＂ has considered that environmental regulation can stimulate enterprise innovation so as to offset the cost of environmental protection and enhance market profit ability, and improve industrial competitiveness, but the empirical analysis has not fully support the statement. Innovation effect of environmental regulation can not guarantee the competitiveness improvement of all industries. Based on the fact that different industries have different environmental pollution intensity, the paper has studied the relationship among environmental regulation, industrial agglomeration and industrial competitiveness of the severe, moderate and mild pollution industries respectively in the premise of the determination of manufacturing industry pollution density, testing the ＂Porter hypothesis＂ for further. The study has found that： the pessimistic conclusion ＂environmental regulation can reduce industrial agglomeration＂ is not quite right; The influence of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness is synthetic action of innovation effect and agglomeration effect; Environmental regulation in heavy pollution industries, has stimulated innovation generation, but weakened the agglomeration effect, and innovation effect is difficult to offset the loss of competitiveness caused by agglomeration effect falling; Innovation effect stimulated by environmental regulation in moderate pollution industries is not significant, but industrial competitiveness has improved due to the enhancement of agglomeration effect; Innovation effect and agglomeration effect are all not significant in light pollution industries, so the influence of environmental regulation on the industrial competitiveness is also not significant. But after considering the influence of endogenous environmental regulation, ＂Porter hypothesis＂ is established. Innovation-driven, combined with industrial agglomeration, can achieve the environment and economy win-win.