传统文化知识产权专有性认定的几个基本问题

Some Basic Issues on the Identification of Exclusive Feature of the Intellectual Property of Traditional Culture

针对一度存在的有关传统文化不可能作为专有财产而纳入知识产权保护体系中的说法,研究发现,知识产权的专有性本身并没有排斥传统文化的知识产权保护,传统文化具有相对专有性,传统文化权利主体即便是国家也应属于私主体,具有财产权利。虽然现存知识产权法律框架,以美国为例,并不利于对以新技术欠发达国家为主的传统文化之私权保护,但是知识产权私权社会化的全球趋势,正加速以各类群体为私权人的传统文化知识产权保护的竞争需求。建议作为对现有知识产权立法框架的补充,传统文化应当适用于知识产权体系下的一种独立的特别保护路径,以期实现竞争利益的平衡发展。

To reject the argument that traditional culture could not be protected as exclusive property by intellectual property law, this article finds that exclusion itself does not discriminate intellectual property protection for traditional culture, since the character of exclusion is relative, and even the country, as the subject of traditional culture, is civil subject and has property right. Today, the intellectual property legal structure, such as that in U.S., does not benefit traditional culture＇s protection in the countries which lack new technology. However, the global trend of intellectual property rights＇ socialization is raising the demand of protection for traditional culture with various communities as the right owners. Accordingly, in order to balance the interest in competition, this paper suggests establishing an independent and special mechanism in the intellectual property system to protect traditional culture, as well as to supplement the current intellectual property legislative framework.