孙吴货币经济的结构和特点

Monetary Economy of the Wu State in the Three Kingdoms Period:Its Structure and Features

本文探讨了孙吴货币经济的结构和特点。孙吴是以钱、布作为主要国家性结算手段及民间经济流通手段,在这个意义上孙吴货币经济与东汉末期的货币经济相一致。且孙吴继续了男耕女织政策,实施了自汉代以来的以钱为主的人头税,并且对田租课以重税。孙吴拥有铜山等丰富的自然资源,钱币的流通也并未如中原遭受到毁灭性的损害。此外孙吴根据各地的自然环境建立了灵活的税制,以应对巨额战费的需求。作为其中一个措施,孙吴还随时实施多种多样需要物资的"调(=调发之意。至少其中的一部分是由官府收购的物资)"。此外,孙吴还有自汉代以来的市租等商业相关税、徭役制、兵制。其结果,无论是收入还是支出方面,孙吴都是东汉末制度的继承者。

This paper examines the structure and features of monetary economy in the Wu state in the three kingdoms period.The Wu regarded bronze coins and hemp textiles as a means of the governmental payment and market exchange.Moreover,the Wu inherited the 'men plow,and women weave' policy,and levied not only a poll tax by bronze coins but also heavy taxation to the farmlands.Furthermore,the Wu satisfied her demand for wars against other states by various special taxations,e.g.Diao.Diao means 'provisionally levy'.As a result,the Wu seems the most typical successor of the Eastern Han in terms of supply and demand for the government finance.