自然和人为因素对牧业发展的影响及对策——以永昌县新城子镇马营沟村为例

The impact of natural and human factors on the development of animal husbandry and strategies

在半农半牧地区,草原资源家庭责任承包制的实施使土地被过分细分到户,导致草地的破碎化。研究表明:强化草原管理有利于以草定畜,严格控制牲畜饲养量,草地超载及代牧现象减少;畜种改良使得传统的草原放牧向半放牧半舍饲过渡,大牲畜的饲养量出现大幅度减少;草地破碎化使得草地退化以定居点和水源为中心,沿着牧道呈一定的梯度形成辐射状的区域性草地退化趋势。通过草地的联户承包,共同经营管理,促进了草畜平衡制度的顺利实施,一定程度上解决了草畜矛盾,减缓了草原生态恶化的趋势。

The land in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas was divided into small pieces under grassland individ ual household contract system, which resulted in pasture fragmentation. The research result indicated that strengthening the grassland management was helpful for determining the livestock number and overgrazing con trol. The livestock bred improvement changed the traditional grazing system to grazing-pan feeding system and the livestock number was decreased greatly. The pasture showed a radial degradation pattern from settle point and water supply point under the pasture gragmentation situation. Through group household contract system, the livestock/forage balance was reached and the conflict between livestock and forage supply was released at a certain degree,and the grassland degradation tendeney was reduced.